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Termites are known to take pollen and frequently see blossoms,177 are considered as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging workers, and it is possibly the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have developed effective defences against termites. But, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they have passed the seedling stage.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This lowers the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When retained near the infusion, they get disoriented and eventually die.181.
Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those caused by human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the three websites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most badly affected feeding team. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the structure itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made out of ground and mud.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.
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To construct their nests, termites primarily utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, as they only reside inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, click to investigate light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and thus the inhabitants utilize counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the intestine of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in areas having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.
By way of example, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels used as strong points, since the diameter of the tunnels is little enough for troops to obstruct.192 A highly protected room, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be used as a final line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8Â feet) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive types, like the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.